A child who is struggling with literacy skills may experience difficulties in both reading and writing that affect their academic progress and confidence.

Common challenges in reading can include slow or inaccurate word recognition, difficulty sounding out unfamiliar words, frequent guessing, poor reading fluency, and limited comprehension of what has been read. The child may avoid reading tasks, become easily frustrated, or show fatigue during literacy activities.

In writing, the child may struggle with spelling, forming letters correctly, organizing ideas, constructing sentences, and using appropriate grammar or punctuation. Written work may be brief, unclear, or contain many errors, even when the child can express ideas verbally. These difficulties can also impact note-taking, completing assignments independently, and demonstrating knowledge in written form.